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Signs and symptoms: SHARP (S – Swelling, H – Heat;,A – A loss of function and asymmetry, R – Red color in tissue, P – Pain, generally sharp, stabbing).
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Physiology: Hemorrhage and chemical activation lead to inflammation and swelling. Increased membrane permeability contribute to secondary edema formation. Get into pain/spasm cycle. Hematoma formation.
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Treatment goal: Stabilize and control. Decrease pain and spasm. Decrease hemorrhage and swelling. Control secondary edema. Protect hematoma development.
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Treatment plan: Hydro - RICE (R – Rest, I – Ice, C – Compression, E – Elevation), ice or cold only; Massage - lymphatics and massage proximal to site, and surrounding areas; Exercise - Pain free passive range of motion progressing as tolerated to active range of motion.
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